How To Distinguish Between the Common Cold, Flu and RSV

The common cold, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are among the most common respiratory illnesses in the United States, particularly during the cold weather season. Because they share similar symptoms and transmission methods, it can be difficult to determine which of the three illnesses is the root cause of your symptoms. Read on to learn about their similarities and differences so you know when to seek immediate medical care.

What Do These Illnesses Have in Common?

While the common cold, flu and RSV are caused by different viruses, they share several traits.

1. Transmission: All three are spread through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing or close contact. Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face can also lead to infection.
2. Seasonal patterns: These illnesses peak in the colder months, as people spend more time indoors, increasing close contact and the spread of germs.
3. Symptoms: The common cold, flu and RSV share several common symptoms, including:
   – Runny or stuffy nose
   – Cough
   – Sore throat
   – Fatigue
   – Fever (more commonly seen in patients with the flu or RSV than in those with a common cold)
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4. Prevention: Good hygiene practices like frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals and cleaning commonly used surfaces help reduce the risk of RSV, influenza and the common cold. Although flu and RSV vaccines are available nationwide, there is currently not a vaccine for the common cold.

What Makes These Illnesses Different From One Another?

1. Causes: The common cold is caused by various types of viruses, with rhinovirus being the most prominent cause of the illness. Influenza stems from an infection from various influenza A and B virus strains. RSV is caused by